Narrative Essay on One Thing I Would Like to Change about My Childhood

Narrative Essay on One Thing I Would Like to Change about My Childhood One Thing I Would Like to Change about My Childhood I had a happy and interesting childhood. As computers weren’t that popular among people and I didn’t have brothers or sisters, I spent almost all the time in the streets playing with other children. When I went to the kindergarten, I met two friends, with whom I started to play and spend every free minute I had. I was really happy till the moment when one of my friends went away to live in the other country. I still remember that moment. I just couldn’t believe my ears: Helen was going away for such a long period of time – 3 years, or even more. I didn’t know what to do and with whom to spend my free time, as with the other friend I wasn’t so close. Still, people say that time heals all the wounds, and I didn’t have another choice than to try to recollect myself and live further. After some time passed, I managed to overcome my disappointment to some extent. Helen wrote letters to me, but our correspondence was not as often as I wanted. I always was too busy to sit down and write a letter, and I think that she had the same problem. Thus, there were letters once a month, but they were a real happiness for me. I remember how I waited for the desired letter after I sent mine and how I was upset when I didn’t receive the answer for a long period of time. Now 8 years passed from that moment, but I still want to change this event in my life. Today there are several people with whom I like to spend my time, but I don’t have such friends as Helen. I just didn’t meet such people, or, maybe, I was afraid of meeting them, as I just knew I didn’t want to go through the same nightmare I did when my best friend went away. I still value this person very much and

Narrative Essay on One Thing I Would Like to Change about My Childhood

Narrative Essay on One Thing I Would Like to Change about My Childhood One Thing I Would Like to Change about My Childhood I had a happy and interesting childhood. As computers weren’t that popular among people and I didn’t have brothers or sisters, I spent almost all the time in the streets playing with other children. When I went to the kindergarten, I met two friends, with whom I started to play and spend every free minute I had. I was really happy till the moment when one of my friends went away to live in the other country. I still remember that moment. I just couldn’t believe my ears: Helen was going away for such a long period of time – 3 years, or even more. I didn’t know what to do and with whom to spend my free time, as with the other friend I wasn’t so close. Still, people say that time heals all the wounds, and I didn’t have another choice than to try to recollect myself and live further. After some time passed, I managed to overcome my disappointment to some extent. Helen wrote letters to me, but our correspondence was not as often as I wanted. I always was too busy to sit down and write a letter, and I think that she had the same problem. Thus, there were letters once a month, but they were a real happiness for me. I remember how I waited for the desired letter after I sent mine and how I was upset when I didn’t receive the answer for a long period of time. Now 8 years passed from that moment, but I still want to change this event in my life. Today there are several people with whom I like to spend my time, but I don’t have such friends as Helen. I just didn’t meet such people, or, maybe, I was afraid of meeting them, as I just knew I didn’t want to go through the same nightmare I did when my best friend went away. I still value this person very much and

Narrative Essay on One Thing I Would Like to Change about My Childhood

Narrative Essay on One Thing I Would Like to Change about My Childhood One Thing I Would Like to Change about My Childhood I had a happy and interesting childhood. As computers weren’t that popular among people and I didn’t have brothers or sisters, I spent almost all the time in the streets playing with other children. When I went to the kindergarten, I met two friends, with whom I started to play and spend every free minute I had. I was really happy till the moment when one of my friends went away to live in the other country. I still remember that moment. I just couldn’t believe my ears: Helen was going away for such a long period of time – 3 years, or even more. I didn’t know what to do and with whom to spend my free time, as with the other friend I wasn’t so close. Still, people say that time heals all the wounds, and I didn’t have another choice than to try to recollect myself and live further. After some time passed, I managed to overcome my disappointment to some extent. Helen wrote letters to me, but our correspondence was not as often as I wanted. I always was too busy to sit down and write a letter, and I think that she had the same problem. Thus, there were letters once a month, but they were a real happiness for me. I remember how I waited for the desired letter after I sent mine and how I was upset when I didn’t receive the answer for a long period of time. Now 8 years passed from that moment, but I still want to change this event in my life. Today there are several people with whom I like to spend my time, but I don’t have such friends as Helen. I just didn’t meet such people, or, maybe, I was afraid of meeting them, as I just knew I didn’t want to go through the same nightmare I did when my best friend went away. I still value this person very much and

Using Named Examples, Examine the Extent to Which the...

Using named examples, examine the extent to which the development gap occurs within countries as well as globally. 1) Introduction The development gap refers to the financial and social disparity between the poorest and wealthiest in society. Where economic indicators are low, social indicators are often also low, whereas the wealthiest countries also enjoy better healthcare and education. This gap has been widening for decades and is at its widest today. The poor are not necessarily getting poorer; in fact nearly everybody has seen an improvement in quality of life over the last 20 years. The reason the gap is widening is because the richest are getting richer and having their quality of life improve at a far quicker rate. 2)†¦show more content†¦The liberalisation of their markets and the mobilisation of 1 billion workers allowed huge wealth to be generated and huge disparities to develop. The biggest differences in China are between rural and urban areas, particularly between the megacities of the East and the ethnic rural areas of the East (Including Tibet), culturally there are huge differences wit h the Han Chinese having far more opportunities and wealth. The restrictions in China on rural to urban migration mean that rural dwellers do not have the same opportunities as those in the cities. China as a result has the largest disparity between its citizens, both economically and socially, It’s not just NIC’s that have huge disparities in wealth, MEDC’s such as the USA also suffer from widespread disparity, this was clearly seen during Hurricane Katrina where the majority of the dead were poorer Afro Caribbean communities who did not have access to education, information or basic transport. This is a problem across America where those who can engage with ‘The American Dream’ have access to huge wealth and opportunity but those born into poor areas statistically stay poor. 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Dead mans path free essay sample

The short story, â€Å"Dead Men’s Path,† by Chinua Achebe, in the short story Achebe addresses the cultural conflicts that exists between Michael Obi’s the central character â€Å"European† ideas verses â€Å"old† African customs. Obi has a total disregard for the people of the village and his colleagues. The story is set in 1949, a rural village in southeast Nigeria. Obi is willing to do anything to ensure that his educational mission is satisfied. He makes every effort to change everything in his path in order to modernize everything around him. The account takes place at Ndume Central School in Africa at age 26 Obi is overjoyed about being appointed headmaster of the Ndume Central School which is a failing school. He and his new wife are hopeful with plans of change. According to the author â€Å"In their two years of married life she had become completely infected by his passion for â€Å"modern methods† and his denigration of â€Å"these old and superannuated people in the teaching field who would be better employed as traders in the Onitsha market. We will write a custom essay sample on Dead mans path or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (Achebe pg. 309). Obi has a superior attitude because he considers himself to be a â€Å"pivotal teacher† and has a very low opinion about the less educated teachers that he will be working with. Obi looks at this opportunity as one that will help him to shine. Both Obi and his wife become obsessed with showing everyone how the school should be run since together they felt that his colleges didn’t share the same educational background that he possesses. One day while Obi is admiring his work he is disgusted to see an old man from the village walking with difficulty right across the complex, through a marigold flower-bed and the hedges. Obi is insulted by the villagers using the school garden as a footpath to a village shrine he makes the decision to put an end to this practice. Obi is advised by the priest on the significance of this footpath to the village shrine. The priest goes as far as to tell Obi that the path was created before he was born and before his dad was born and that the life of the villagers depends on this path. Obi chooses to disregard his warning not to barricade the pathway. This supported by the author Obi thought about the shrine and his role as an educator â€Å"The whole purpose of our school†, he said finally, â€Å"is to eradicate just such beliefs as that. Dead men do not require footpaths. The whole idea is just fantastic. Our duty is to teach your children to laugh at such ideas†. (Achebe pg. 311) Villagers used this path to leave from the village and visit dead ancestors. The path allowed children to come into the community to be born. By blocking the path, the child was not allowed to enter the village, and both the mother and child died. Obi is blamed for the death of one of the women who died in childbirth, since the path that once connected the village shrine is now blocked. In retaliation, Obi wakes up to find to find the path ruined all of the beautiful hedges are torn down, the flowers are trampled to death and the school once perfectly constructed school premises in ruins. Michael felt that his job was to abolish ancestral beliefs and it was his duty as an educator to teach the children not to take old traditions serious. Nevertheless after the death of the young woman in retaliation the hedges surrounding the school are destroyed; after his supervisor issues a report on the incident Obi is dismissed from his dream job. Michael Obi was ignorant of others beliefs he held hostility to traditional African beliefs, believing that they should be erased. The imaginary line that lead from the school grounds into the cemetery although it was not often used was essential in transforming the souls of newborns, the flowers being destroyed represent the course that Obi life had taken he chose to act out of haste instead of listening to what he was told and this lead to the destruction of his dreams hopes and plans.

The Albany Failure Essays - Benjamin Franklin, Albany Plan, Albany

The Albany Failure The Albany Failure Benjamin Franklin drew a plan for the colonies with the goal of uniting all colonies together under the King. The colonies nor the English wanted to accept this plan. After riducule and questioning of current success by the people, the Albany Plan of 1754 was vetoed. Thus proving to all the world that America was a world of independent thought. The Albany Plan was written to fairly represent all colonies under the King of England and to set regulations on expansion into Indian territory. In trying to convince the colonies to support this plan, Franklin drew a cartoon of a snake divided evenly into pieces. This was to show how the plan gave everyone a piece of control in the government. The plan was fair in the divisions, but not completely clear in the control lying in the hands of the King. Groups of colonists opposed this plan due to the idea of giving their control to the King. In the Albany Plan, the King appointed the leader, or President-General, of the Grand Council. This meant that the thoughts and ideas of the colonists, although they may be heard, would not always be listened to or ever taken into consideration. The colonists did not enjoy this idea of having their freedom of decision removed and therefore most vetoed the plan. Other smaller groups of colonists supported the plan. This plan gave equal representation to each colony according to size, in the Grand Council. The Albany Plan allowed the colonies to feel as if they had a say in their government and much like today's congress, they would be able to decide their own laws, regulations, and most importantly their fate. For these reasons, New York supported the plan. Unfortunately, New York's vote was not enough to override all the colonies which opposed the plan. Benjamin franklin's idea was perhaps too advanced for his time and therefore failed. Colonists did not want to give their power to the King and they wanted to remain independently successful. The colonies refused to agree to the regulations set by the Albany plan and therefore they were not completely united under the King of England. History Essays

Essay on math work

Essay on math work Essay on math work As 91264 (v1) AS 2.9 Introduction - I have chosen to investigate who sends the most amount of text messages in a day between parents and students, from the sample data taken from the 2009 cell phone data sheet. I have used a random sampling method ‘Ran # + 1’, which will give me an unbiased sample space. I predict that students will send more texts messages in a day. Comments on DATA. Shape Parents- the shape for the parents text messages per day is tightly bunched with an unusual extreme figure. (90) This unusual extreme is possibly because she is a young parent that is social. Students- The shape for students text messages per day is spread more evenly over the range – This is possibly because the students are similar age and at a social age. Overlap- There is no overlap in the middle 50%, but, the UQ of the parents text messages has the same value as the LQ text messages for the students (5.5). Confidence Interval Parents- 3.25 2 7.25 Students- 4.25 10 24.25 If I was to pick another 30 random samples the median for the parents text messages per day would be between 3.25 7.25. This is a small range which shows that the amount of text sent per day is a small number. If I was to pick another 30 random samples the median for the students text messages per day would be between 4.25 24.25. This is a large range which shows that the students text message data is spread out more, with more texts being sent overall. Spread – The middle 50% text messages

The Use of Word Stems in English

The Use of Word Stems in English In English grammar and morphology, a stem is the form of a word before any inflectional affixes are added. In English, most stems also qualify as words. The term base is commonly used by linguists to refer to any stem (or root) to which an affix is attached. Identifying a Stem A stem may consist of a single root, of two roots forming a compound stem, or of a root (or stem) and one or more derivational affixes forming a derived stem.(R. M. W. Dixon, The Languages of Australia. Cambridge University Press, 2010) Combining Stems The three main morphological processes are compounding, affixation, and conversion. Compounding involves adding two stems together, as in . . . windows are to be found, however, where an affix is added to a bound stemcompare perishable, where perish is free, with durable, where dur is bound, or unkind, where kind is free, with unbeknown, where beknown is bound. . . . Stem Conversion Conversion is where a stem is derived without any change in form from one belonging to a different class. For example, the verb bottle (I must bottle some plums) is derived by conversion from the noun bottle, while the noun catch (That was a fine catch) is converted from the verb.(Rodney D. Huddleston,  English Grammar: An Outline. Cambridge University Press, 1988) The Difference Between a Base and a Stem Base is the core of a word, that part of the word which is essential for looking up its meaning in the dictionary; stem is either the base by itself or the base plus another morpheme to which other morphemes can be added. [For example,] vary is both a base and a stem; when an affix is attached the base/stem is called a stem only. Other affixes can now be attached.(Bernard ODwyer,  Modern English Structures: Form, Function, and Position. Broadview, 2000) The Difference Between a Root and a Stem The terms root and stem are sometimes used interchangeably. However, there is a subtle difference between them: a root is a morpheme that expresses the basic meaning of a word and cannot be further divided into smaller morphemes. Yet a root does not necessarily constitute a fully understandable word in and of itself. Another morpheme may be required. For example, the form struct in English is a root because it cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts, yet neither can it be used in discourse without a prefix or a suffix being added to it (construct, structural, destruction, etc.)  A stem may consist of just a root. However, it may also be analyzed into a root plus  derivational morphemes  . . .. Like a root, a stem may or may not be a fully understandable word. For example, in English, the forms  reduce  and  deduce  are stems because they act like any other regular verbthey can take the  past-tense  suffix. However, they are not roots, because they can be ana lyzed into two parts,  -duce, plus a  derivational  prefix  re-  or  de-.So some roots are stems, and some stems are roots. ., but roots and stems are not the same thing. There are roots that are not stems (-duce), and there are stems that are not roots (reduce). In fact, this rather subtle distinction is not extremely important conceptually, and some theories do away with it entirely.(Thomas Payne,  Exploring Language Structure: A Students Guide. Cambridge University Press, 2006) ​Irregular Plurals Once there was a song about a purple-people-eater, but it would be ungrammatical to sing about a purple-babies-eater. Since the licit irregular plurals and the illicit regular plurals have similar meanings, it must be the grammar of irregularity that makes the difference.The theory of word structure explains the effect easily. Irregular plurals, because they are quirky, have to be stored in the mental dictionary as roots or stems; they cannot be generated by a rule. Because of this storage, they can be fed into the compounding rule that joins an existing stem to another existing stem to yield a new stem. But regular plurals are not stems stored in the mental dictionary; they are complex words that are assembled on the fly by inflectional rules whenever they are needed. They are put together too late in the root-to-stem-to-word assembly process to be available to the compounding rule, whose inputs can only come out of the dictionary.(Steven Pinker, The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language. William Morrow, 1994)

In what ways does the Ara Pacis Augustae reflect Augustus' vision of a Research Paper

In what ways does the Ara Pacis Augustae reflect Augustus' vision of a Roman 'golden age' - Research Paper Example The reconstructed Ara Pacis now stands within a large, reinforced glass and concrete shelter, also the work of Mussolini’s architects, designed to protect it from the elements and pollution(1). Marble surfaces of the box—shaped Ara Pacis are covered with relief sculpture carved in white marble. The artists are unknown, but the level of craftsmanship is exceptionally high, ending archaeologists to suggest that they may have been Greeks, or at least Greek—trained artists(2). As with much ancient Greek sculpture, Reliefs were originally painted, which would have made the stand out much more clearly than they do now. 1. Rehak,P.’Aene or Numa? Rethinking the meaning of the Ara Pacis Agustae’, The Art Bulletin, Vol.83,(2001),pp.190-208. 2. Conlin, Diane Atnally. The artists of the Ara Pacis:the process of Hellenization in Roman relief sculptures(Chapel Hill, 1997). Fig: Ara Pacis Original Frontal View (13-9 B.C) Source http://www.vroma.org Fig.: Present s tatus of Ara Pacis after some modification Source http://www.vroma.org Physically weak and plagued by ill health, Agustus was only eighteen years old when Julius Caesar's assassination thrust him, as his uncle's chief heir and adopted son, into the forefront of the subsequent political and military turmoil. He outmaneuvered and outfought rivals such as Cassius, Brutus, Lepidus, Mark Anthony, and Cleopatra. Augustus embodied and represented the tremendous currents that transformed Rome from a small Italian city situated on the Tiber River to a powerful empire that bestrode the known world as no other colossus ever had. Augustus was astute and artful enough to balance republican traditions with imperial realities, skillfully maintaining the delicate facade to achieve his goals, so that, late in life, he could rightfully claim it(3). In general, the Augustan system worked fairly well, in fact, it lasted more than 200 years. It provided a material and political base of cultural achievem ent that rivaled the Greeks under Pericles(3). This is the age of the Pax Romana, the Roman Peace. But the Augustan reforms were not limited to political, economic and social issues alone. They also envisioned a fundamental change in Roman culture itself. Augustus tried to turn Rome into a world capital and taught the Romans to identify their destiny with the destiny of all mankind. They were the chosen people who would bring peace and stability to a violent and changing world. The transformation which he tried into Rome was not only administrative or political but it was fundamental change in cultural foundation of the city which he wanted to make as world capital. 3. http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/lecture12b.html The upper panels on the short front and back walls, the location of the two doorways to the sanctuary, show four scenes from Roman history and religion. All but one are in a poor state of preservation. On the front are the fragments of two scenes from the most ancien t history of Rome: on the right Aeneas Sacrificing to Penates (4)(ancestral household gods) and on the left the god Mars with Romulus and Remus. Both scenes concern legendary founders of the Roman state. Aeneas, a hero of from Troy (celebrated in Virgil’s epic poem, the Aeneid, commissioned by Augustus), was regarded as the first settler on Italian shores. Romulus and Remus, the twin sons of Mars who were nursed by the-wolf were the founders of the city. The two ceremonial processions on the longer side

3-3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

3-3 - Essay Example We have been quite guarded about expressing our feelings, as I said earlier, and during the task I learnt that there are a lot of things that I did not know about him and his interest. This activity with him also showed me how he feels towards me actually, something I was very keen on learning. I consider my brother to be one of my closest friends; we share a very close bond, I feel; a bond that has existed ever since I can remember. We have always managed to share our experiences and emotions, although we are on a different plane, both age wise and psychologically. My brother is 6 years older than me and is a college graduate. He is currently employed and is a married man, who takes excellent care of his wife and kids. One big difference between me and him is that he always speaks his mind. It does not matter to him how bad and ugly the truth would sound like, he will always say it the way he sees it to be true. On the other hand, I am not so outspoken. I am quite shy and do not talk much; in fact I am one of those people who do not talk unless it is necessary. I am not an open person by nature; I always tend to keep my emotions inside. I do not permit anyone to try to read me or my emotions or to have me figured out, as they say. I am so closely guarded that I normally do not tell anyone about my emotions, whether they involve that person or anyone else for that matter. I have learned a lot about my brother and how he feels about me after undertaking this assignment. The strangest, or funniest in a way, and surprising thing that I have learned was when he answered a question by saying that he liked it a lot â€Å"when we do some crazy funny stuff to our other siblings.† I thought he would say that he liked the way we share our feelings or the way we trust each other. I did not expect him to say what he said. However, this was a pleasant surprise, it made me realize that my brother is a very fun loving sort of person and he, in a way, does not mind the

Communication Process Essay Example for Free

Communication Process Essay 1. Briefly describe the misunderstanding, including the setting and the people involved. At my recent job that I was working a situation came about, I was helping my director file some bills with personal information. Well she did not make it clear that each bill went into a certain folder, which made my job a lot difficult and ending up me having to do the whole process over again, when I had to do another project that my other Director had told me to finish up within that day. 2. Complete the following table with information from your described misunderstanding. |Question |Answer | |Who was the sender? |My Director | |Who was the receiver? |Myself | |What was the message? |File these documents | |What channel was used to send the message? |Sound and light waves | |What was the misunderstanding? |How to file the documents | |How could you have avoided the misunderstanding? |It could have been avoided if my director would have told me the correct | | |way to file them instead of me trying to figure out how to file the | | |documents. 3. The perception model in Ch. 2 of Communicating in the Workplace shows that prior knowledge and experiences combine with your psychological state to shape your subjective reality. What was your perception going into the situation? How did your perception of the misunderstanding affect the communication process? My perception of the situation was that there really was not correct way into filing the documents, all she wanted was for them to be filed. It affected the misunderstanding and how the communication process went through my mind was that she should have told me how to correctly do it the proper way, instead of just telling me to finish filing. I just thought that she wanted them out of the way and into the filing cabinet. 4. After reflecting on your misunderstanding and analyzing it with what you have learned this week, what did you learn about the communication process? I have learned that there are a lot of ways in communicating and that when someone tells another person to do something, then that person is listening and taking in information differently, to ask questions when told to do something if you do not understand what that person is wanting from you. The reason why I say this is because not every person is going to be the same, as it stated in the example of the model in Ch. 2 of Communicating in the Workplace, A hog could be a pig but really the person was referring to a motorcycle. For another instance when someone is telling another person to do something, that person receives the message but might take it another way because of how that person encodes the information, that is why it is important to respond back to the person and making a clear understanding of what that person is wanting. I would not want to risk someone else’s life it I did not understand the information correctly because that will affect my job on the line as well. Reference Cheesebro, T., O’Connor, L., Rios, F. (2010). Communicating in the workplace. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Elections :: essays research papers

2000 election The two main candidates for the election of 2000 are George W. Bush and Al Gore. Al Gore, of course, being the current Vice President. I have never been into the whole politics game. But, know that I am 18 years old I feel I should start paying more attention to political issues. I don't know if I am going to vote this year, and if I did I don't know who I would vote for. I really don't know much about either canditate. All I know is that Gore is Vice President to Clinton, and we all know how most people feel about Clinton. In order for me to make a judgment on who I am going to vote for I would like to know where each canditate satnds on different political issues. Some of the issues I will be covering are abortion, crime, drugs, education, environment, and gun control. These are the issues I am most interested in, and I would like a president who agrees with me on a good portion of these issues. To start off, I am going to state where I stand on each of the isssues. I then will sat e where each presidential canditate stands on each issue. The first topic I would like to discuss is abortion. Abortion is kind of a big thing to me. I am one of those who is against abortion. I feel abortion is kind of like murder. I know it is easy for me to say that abortion is wrong, because I have never gotten a girl pregnant before. I understand that some tees make mistakes and want to correct those mistakes. But, I feel more people should stand up for their mistakes and take some action. Instead of having the baby aborted, the parents should put the child up for adoption. What if that kid was going to come up with a cure for cancer? I bet the parents would not want o abort the child then. Abortion is one area I agree with Bush. Bush wants to cut down the amount of abortions given out the whole year. Bush also wants to turn the choice of having abortions over to the state. Gore, on the other hand, wants to leave the choice in the woman's hand. He feels it is up to her to decid e whether or not to have an abortion.

Macbeth Openings

How does Shakespeare create mood and atmosphere in the opening scenes of Macbeth? Act 1 Scene 1 is set in ‘an open place’, immediately indicating to the reader that something secretive is happening, the very setting of the first scene indicates tension to come. The stage direction reads ‘Thunder and lightning. Enter three Witches. ’ The weather creates a tense atmosphere, when the scene is performed the weather acts as pathetic fallacy, further creating tension in the atmosphere; also the weather suggests a supernatural element, a common component of the Gothic genre. The witches talk in rhyming couplets, as though a chant; Witch 1 says ‘When shall we three meet again? In thunder, lightning, or in rain? ’. This indicates the witches can see into the future, developing further on the supernatural element; Shakespeare mentions this power of the witches in the first scene to shock the audience, and to develop the sinister atmosphere. The witches agree to meet on ‘the heath’, an isolated and secretive location suggesting their intentions are evil. During this scene Macbeth is mentioned for the first time, the witches say they are to meet him, Shakespeare does this to foreshadow Macbeth’s link to evil, by suggesting Macbeth knows the witches the audience automatically associates Macbeth with the witches. The ending of the scene has great impact, all witches recite ‘Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air. ’ Again the witches are ‘chanting’ and talking in rhyming couplets, suggesting they have telepathic powers, securing the idea that they have supernatural powers. At the era in which Shakespeare wrote Macbeth, James I was King, he was extremely interested in Witches, so many suggest Shakespeare wrote the play to please the King, and his followers. Act 1 scene 1 is a short impact scene for dramatic effect, Shakespeare introduces the witches as the first characters in the play, and this is to foreshadow the evil to come and to engage the audience of the era. Act 1 scene 2 is set in ‘a camp’, King Duncan, Malcolm, Donalbain, Lenox and their attendants meet a bleeding Captain. The characters are talking in Iambic pentameter, which mimics human speech; Shakespeare does this so the audience subconsciously trust the King. Shakespeare also does this to draw attention to the contrast between the Witches speaking in an eerie manner with rhyming couplets (unnatural) and these characters speaking normally. When the Captain speaks, he mentions ‘two spent swimmers’ and speaks with great respect of how these soldiers fought against ‘merciless Macdonwald’. He then mentions Macbeth is one of these ‘brave’ men, which highly contrasts from the impression we get of Macbeth in the first scene. The audience get the impression Macbeth is highly respected by the Captain and the King. However Shakespeare uses brutally violent language in the Captains description of Macbeth in action such as ‘bloody execution’, ‘carv’d’ and ‘till he unseam’d him from the nave to th’chops, And fix’d his head upon our battlements. ’ Shakespeare uses the violent language to reinforce Macbeth’s strength and brutality and to further exaggerate the tense atmosphere. Later in the scene the Captain mocks the idea that Macbeth may have been scared ‘As sparrows eagles, or the hare the lion’ showing Macbeths determination and ruthlessness; he also compares Macbeth fighting to ‘Golgotha’ the scene of Christ’s death, creating this immortal imagery of Macbeth before the audience have seen him. Shakespeare introduces Macbeth through word of mouth in both Act 1 scene 1 and scene 2 to show his strength and hint at his evil streak, this creates a tense mood awaiting the introduction of Macbeth’s character. Throughout the scene Shakespeare introduces people that witnessed Macbeth’s bravery in the battle one at a time to show their appreciation and to emphasize his strength, structurally this builds tension and gradually the atmosphere becomes more and more tense. During this scene Shakespeare also introduces the theme of deception; the Thane of Cawdor has betrayed King Duncan by assisting his opponents in the battle. This theme heightens the tension and when the Thane of Cawdor is executed, Macbeth receives his title, moving him up further in the hierarchy. In Act 1 scene 3 we return to the witches located on the heath, an isolated and secretive area, with further pathetic fallacy of thunder. Shakespeare does this to heighten the tension back up for the audience wondering what the witches are going to do; after the slight relax of tension in the previous scene the pathetic fallacy quickly returns the extremely tense atmosphere. By switching from scene 1 with the witches then scene 2 without the witches back to scene 3 with the witches Shakespeare creates the idea that the witches are significant, implying that a significant event is to come in the following scene. Everything is drawing the audience’s attention to this scene. Within the scene the witches begin to discuss their evil actions, another element of the Gothic genre. Later the witches use parts of corpses to conjure up a spell, Shakespeare does this to elaborate further on the witches supernatural powers and to entice the audience with a common interest of the era. Macbeth enters directly after the spell takes place, therefore the mood is tense on his entry, Shakespeare does this to give greater dramatic effect to his entrance. Macbeth first line of speech is ‘So foul and fair a day I have not seen’ opening with the very same paradox the witches ended the first scene on; Shakespeare uses language to create a subconscious link between the evil witches and Macbeth, creating tension and foreshadowing further that Macbeth is evil. Macbeth’s loyal friend Banquo says ‘you should be women’ indicating the witches look supernatural and revolting, further heightening tensions within the audience. Later stage directions state the ‘Witches vanish’, elaborating further that the witches are in fact supernatural beings. Banquo has hallucinations, a common element of the Gothic theme, the sense of uncertainty in this soldier earlier described as a ‘spent swimmer’ creates the contrast and worry within the audience about the extent of the witches powers, the mood becomes more and more negative and curious as to what the witches are capable of. Later in the scene Macbeth, in an aside he says ‘As happy prologues to the swelling act of the imperial theme. Meaning he is happy that the witches may be right and that he may be on his way to becoming King, which for an audience during this era would be shocking. Shakespeare does this for dramatic effect. This is soon followed by the implication that Macbeth has considered killing the King ‘whose horrid image doth unfix my hair’. This is outrageous to the Jacobean audience, the mood becomes angry and tense as Macbeth starts to become justifiably disliked. He seems the anti-hero with the fatal floor of ambition. The final hint is that a later aside Macbeth mimics the evil witches in using rhyming couplets, strengthening his link with them. Throughout these scenes Shakespeare uses violent and supernatural language, as well as contrast between iambic pentameter and rhyming couplets to strengthen the ongoing development of a tense atmosphere. The atmosphere revolves closely around Macbeth and foreshadows well for the events to follow. Shakespeare does this to highlight Macbeth’s introduction at the antagonist.

How Would You Define the Word “Democracy” Give Full Reasons for Your Answer?

This essay will argue that there is no single definition of democracy, due to the fact that there are many models of democracy, which in turn have their own opinions on what the term means. For example direct democracy can be seen as government by the people. In contrast representative democracy can be seen as government for the people. Also depending if one agrees with political equality will alter your definition for example if a person has high level of social significance they would believe that democracy is the rule of the elite and political equality does not exist this is the view point of Marxists.However on the other hand liberal- democracies do believe it and therefore their opinion on â€Å"democracy† is political equality. As Bernard Crick 1993 stated, â€Å" democracy is the most promiscuous word in public affairs† (Andrew Heywood politics third edition chapter four page 73) meaning the word democracy can mean anything. The word democracy comes from the Gre ek word demo meaning people and kratos meaning power.So the classical term for democracy is rule by the people. However this term is very vague, who is the people in ancient Greece in order to participate in politics you had to be male over the age of twenty, excluding women slaves and foreigners. In contemporary times there is restricted political participation usually the ages from 21 to 15, to vote. This in turn shows that not everyone is able to participate in controlling his or her own government due to age.The fact that voting is based on majority shows that voting only represents the majority. So people who voted against the majority will not get their say â€Å"the tyranny of the majority† (Andrew Heywood politics third edition chapter four page 73) explains that the term people is not everyone living in the state but the majority. Therefore depending on how old you are and who you voted for will depend if you believe the word democracy is rule by the people.The most significant point of democracy is liberal democrat view of political equality â€Å"one person one vote one value† this is very true most western democratic regimes are based on voting everyone get a vote and it is equal however in contrast Marxists believe that actually this is not true. The more level of significance of social equality such as control of mass communication and economic resources as well as voting is more likely to have your point of view taken into account by the government.An example is in the 2000 presidential election between George W Bush and Al Gore, Florida was the sate that could tip the balance between who would win, many news stations counted that Al gore won. The fact that George W Bush brother Jeb Bush was senator of Florida and that his other brother was in charge of publishing the votes on Fox News meant. The fact that votes was casted on fox news earlier than most stations meant many voters changed their minds and voted Bush as he was supposed ly most likely to win.The fact is George W Bush had the backing from the mass media such as Fox media and people in power such as Jeb meant he came in to power. (George W Bush had mass media control, the average voter voice was not heard, and as Al gore was whom the majority voted for) (Film Fahrenheit 9-11 Michael Moore) This is an example of pluralist democracy in which the elite are in control of society, the capacity of organised groups to articulate government responsiveness.In countries that has capitalism as its backbone economy, the elite tend to be the ones who own or control big corporate business, you only need to look at â€Å"America political system and see that people funding political candidates are buying influence and accesses to lobby groups† (www. news. bbc. co. uk/world/america), that is why in 2000 191 million dollars was raised by oil companies and united defence for Bush. Of course through the course of history we know that theses business benefited a lot from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.This shows that corporatist pluralism is a threat to society as a threat to society because political equality does not take place, if you are considered an insider group you will benefit such as united defence and if you are an outsider the chances of you influencing government other than voting is almost nil. As Lenin said liberal democracies are seen as bourgeois democracies that are†¦ by the ruling class (Andrew Heywood politics third edition page 86). However the view that only the elite benefit from â€Å"democracy† and that political equality does not exist which is the major point of democracy in that it should exist, is not always true.Peak associations benefit the state rather than major economic associations and the elite; theses are groups that want the best interest for the workers. So you could argue that in some cases political equality does exist. An example is Obama and his democratic party in which they believe in supporting the people not the business, the creation of Medi-care is an example. The creation of the Gettysburg Address delivered in 1864 by Abraham Lincoln â€Å"government of the people by the people for the people â€Å" (www. showcase. et/ creative Lincoln speech) made defining democracy a lot more difficult, due to the fact two models of democracy have cropped up direct democracy (by the people) through systems of referendum and representative democracy (for the people) system of electing someone on your behalf. Direct democracy may be seen by citizens of countries such as Switzerland as the real form of democracy due to the fact the people are in- charge of ruling them selves all the government do is facilitate the decision and make sure it is carried through.This is most similar to the ancient Greek idea of democracy. The way it is done is through referendums’ that can only be passed if majority of cantons agree as well as a small minority of cantons. An example o f referendums in Switzerland in which the people have voted for and taken action is the Swiss people have rejected the law that state funded layers can protect animals in 2010. (www. bbc. co. uk). However the main problem with referendums’ is governments can reject them going against the principal of rule by the people.An example occurred in the state of Rhode Island in 2002, when the governor placed such a referendum on the ballot asking citizens if they wanted to change the state constitution to make the three branches of the state government co-equal. The citizens voted in favor of the measure, but the result was not binding, and the governor and the legislature were not required to take action. (www. elearnportal. com/courses/political-science).The other point is direct democracy would only work in areas with small population such as Greek city states and Switzerland otherwise a population like the UK with over 60 million people would mean any decision would take a huge a mount of time. Therefore the representative democracy exits, the argument for representative democracy is people may not have the education or background to make logical decisions for the rest of the population; therefore you vote for your constituency who on your behalf represented you.Who in turn in parliamentary democracies would vote who would head your party. This may seem democratic in the view that your MP is only interested in your constituency. However party politics play a part and some politicians may seem greedy for power and not really care or represent you. Also even though this creates accountability on MPs behalf you may only do something about it every time an election is held. We only have an input every four years (undergrounddemocracy. com).This is means if politicians go against their mandate or do something the majority of people don’t like example the student cuts you cant do something about it until the next election. Also depending on who you are in t he political system will depend on what you think is a democratic system, for example totalitarian regimes such as Hitler and the Nazi party may claim they where democratic due to the fact they represented the peoples best interest, however the German people who where not involved in politics or people in general who live under a dictatorship may not agree that they are living democratically.In conclusion the language of democracy is used as political propaganda â€Å" it is a political weapon it is shaped and honed to covey political intent† (Andrew Heywood political theory page 2) what Andrew meant is similar to what Bernard Crick in that there is no clear definition of democracy. It all depends on who is the person or group that is defining the word democracy.If you are living in a representative democracy under a totalitarian regime and you are the head of that party in power then of course you would say you are democratic working in the best interest of the people despit e the fact they could be living in the gutter starving. Or if you are the prime-minster of the Britain despite the fact you where not directly elected by the people to be prime-minster but you are non-the less creating a government for the people you would say you are democratic, in contrast to people who did not vote for you or your policy.If you are considered a Marxist then your opinion on liberal democracy is that it is false due to the fact political equality does not exist and that the elite and corporatists have more power to influence the government for them and not always the majority of people, however if you are the elite you would say it is democratic as we live in competitive capitalist environment and through peek associations we benefit the economy because we have the know how, and the majority would want that.Direct democracy is another definition of democracy stating that the citizens should have complete control however due to political restrictions such as age and the ability to reject referendums proves that rule by the people can t be fully accomplished.My opinion is that again depending on who is defining democracy will depend on what they want it to mean due to the popularity of being democratic however, complete democracy will never be achieved as there will always be people who appose an opinion causing rule by the majority. But the ability to vote enables that citizens do have some control over their society and that in most western democracies people in power are trying to do what is best for the interest of the people, even if political equality may not exist.

Themes in Romeo and Juliet

Themes in Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is the best known Shakespeare play ever, not to say the most famous western love story. It is difficult to have a valuable trace of Shakespeare's work because of the fact that he did not signed any play. It is a passionate love story. Even if the play is commonly considered as a tragedy, the beginning can be viewed as a comedy: bawdy play on words, amusing quarrel and its unoriginal love stories. Until the end we want to believe in an issue for the two heroes. Shakespeare makes grow the suspense until the end by playing with the return of hope and some deceptive effects. The huge success of this play which achieved posterity is due to a remarkable drama's knowledge, but also to its themes.We may notice that love is a notion which is evolving throughout the text and presented under different forms. The first form of love presented in the play is the one of the petrarchan poet held by Romeo regarding his first love, Rosaline.At the beginning of the play, Romeo, just as Petrarch, suffers an unshared love. From there, love does not mean happiness but rather pain in that case, especially regarding the lexical field of pain when this first love is evoked by Romeo: he's talking about being injured by Cupid "Grief of mine own lie heavy in my breast", he even compares himself to half dead half alive because of this unshared love "Do I live dead that live to tell it now.". Love is presented here as a paradoxical feeling, and this can be proved thanks to the numorous oxymora used by Romeo to tell about this love "O brawling love, o loving hate" "mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming forms!". More than idealizing it, Romeo worships Rosaline's beauty...

Boiling Point Elevation Definition and Process

Boiling Point Elevation Definition and Process Boiling point elevation occurs when the boiling point of a solution becomes higher than the boiling point of a pure solvent. The temperature at which the solvent boils is increased by adding any non-volatile solute. A common example of boiling point elevation can be observed by adding salt to water. The boiling point of the water is increased (although in this case, not enough to affect the cooking rate of food). Boiling point elevation, like freezing point depression, is a colligative property of matter. This means it depends on the number of particles present in a solution and not on the type of particles or their mass. In other words, increasing the concentration of the particles increases the temperature at which the solution boils. How Boiling Point Elevation Works In a nutshell, boiling point increases because most of the solute particles remain in the liquid phase rather than enter the gas phase. In order for a liquid to boil, its vapor pressure needs to exceed ambient pressure, which is harder to achieve once you add a nonvolatile component. If you like, you could think of adding a solute as diluting the solvent. It doesnt matter whether the solute is an electrolyte or not. For example, boiling point elevation of water occurs whether you add salt (an electrolyte) or sugar (not an electrolyte). Boiling Point Elevation Equation The amount of boiling point elevation can be calculated using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and Raoults law. For an ideal dilute solution: Boiling Pointtotal Boiling Pointsolvent ΔTb where ΔTb molality * Kb * i with Kb ebullioscopic constant (0.52Â °C kg/mol for water) and i Vant Hoff factor The equation is also commonly written as: ΔT Kbm The boiling point elevation constant depends on the solvent. For example, here are constants for some common solvents: Solvent Normal Boiling Point, oC Kb, oC m-1 water 100.0 0.512 benzene 80.1 2.53 chloroform 61.3 3.63 acetic acid 118.1 3.07 nitrobenzene 210.9 5.24

An analysis of the movie Somewhere between Essay

An analysis of the movie Somewhere between - Essay Example An analysis of the movie "Somewhere between" Jenni is 14 years old and she lives in Berkeley California. She was adopted at age five she speaks mandarin she knows she’s a stranger to either country. Jenna cook is 15 years old lives in Massachusetts, Newburyport. She is an over achiever and a top student at an academy in New Hampshire. Butler is 13 years old, she lives in Tennessee Nashville and she has the ambition to be the first Chinese person to play in the grand ‘ole opry’. Ann Boccuti is 14 years of age and she lives in Pennsylvania, Lansdale. The girls are highly articulate, personable and self-aware as they know they belong to two adversely different cultures. The young women allow the viewers to grasp the experience of coming of age in America as trans-racial adoptees. Through these young women experiences and their exploration the viewers are able to consider themselves as individuals and as a nation of immigrant. The films structure weaves back and forth between the girls individual threads making it hard for the viewers to distinct and separate their narratives. The characters also had confusing names, Jenni and Jenna this gives the audience a hard time to follow and distinguish the two characters. It would have helped if the director had established the individual girls more firmly before moving back and forth in their threads.The directors should ensure that the lighting is sufficient to reveal the characters’ faces. This makes the movie more real and revealing.

Sarah Bernhardt Biography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sarah Bernhardt Biography - Research Paper Example Her debut, which was held on September 1, 1862 at the Theatre Francois in Racine’s Iphigenie Audile, was not greeted with a lot of interest (Young student's learning library). Sarah’s formative years of upbringing were spent with a Breton nurse. Her Dutch courtesan mother would sporadically visit Sarah. The reason behind the sporadic visits was that she was constantly travelling from Spain to England, from London to Paris, from Paris to Berlin, and from there to Christiana. Her aunts also played an instrumental role in her upbringing. Sarah described her aunts as ‘pretty visitors’. They created an environment full of independent women along with her mother. However, her immediate rural habitat was dominated by hard labor and the subjugation of free will. This was incongruous with her mother’s side. The social roles primarily depended upon in survival. There was never a continuous paternal presence in Sarah’s upbringing (Cheng 2010). Sarah Bern hardt is popularly known as the first international stage star by her followers. Her productions have taken place in Europe, United States, Canada, South America, Australia and Middle East. These productions have been 125 in number out of which she has played some 70 roles. Before she rented out Theatre des Nations, she managed several theatres in Paris. The theatre, which she leased, was Theatre Des Nations. It was renamed as Theatre Sarah Bernhardt- today popularly known as Theatre de la Ville. Her own life was reflected by the tragedies and romances of her stage heroines. This is what reinvented her as a public icon (Shapira 2009) Everything from Sarah’s obscure birth to her glorious career, redefining the very nature of her art, to her amazing romantic life to her indomitable spirit- is fascinating. She was performing under bombardment for soldiers in her late seventies, after the amputation of her leg. This was during World War 1. Sarah was always proud of her Jewish her itage. She was a passionate Dreyfusard and Zolaist. She worshiped and raised her only son, Maurice as an aristocrat. He was a right wing snob (Gottlieb 2010). Sarah Bernhardt was multi talented. Apart from being involved in visual arts, she was involved in acting, painting and sculpting herself. She would also do modeling for Antonio De La Gandara. She has also been a writer, who has been publishing playa and a series of books throughout her life. Continuously she lead an active life. She date a Belgian noble man named Charles Joseph Eugene. It was with him that she had her only child. Moreover, she was one of the pioneer silent movie actresses. She debuted in Hamlet. She has been the star of 8 motion pictures and 2 biographical films in all. She was also made the member of France’s Legion of Honor in 1914. 10 years after a serious injury in 1915, she was confined to a wheel chair because her right leg was to be amputated. Despite of this she continued her career. Although sh e had to use a wood prosthetic limb. She died in the arms of her son, Maurice. She is buried in Paris, France (Sarah Bernhardt Biography). Important achievements It was in 1862 that Bernhardt had made her first appearance at the national theatre in the title role of Racine’s Iphigenie. The name of the national theatre was Comedie Francaise. However, she was dismissed a few months later because of her behavior towards an older actor. She slapped her. She escaped to Brussels because she was dissatisfied with the small parts she received in the fashionable theater

The Purpose of Determining the Main and the Basic Problems of the Unit Essay - 3

The Purpose of Determining the Main and the Basic Problems of the United States of America - Essay Example Obviously, the intensity and the mode of the practice of racism has been changed and evolved but it has not been eliminated from the society. This evolution can be explained with the help of an easy example. When a person starts to give extra privileges to a man of African American descent and treats him different from others, this is where racism kicks in. The mode of racism has been changed from ‘treat them like hell’ to ‘treat them different from others, be it in a good sense so that they feel that they are not one of us’. But the fact cannot be denied that there have been made certain efforts by the public as a whole including the state in which this element has been tried to be eliminated. For instance, let us take the example of the Boston busing desegregation. Although it was a very hard time for the administration and the people as a whole when the people of South Boston turned on the Blacks, it was an effort by the government nonetheless. It was not only the busing desegregation but Boston had even prior to this made their intentions clear in the riots and protests against the racial imbalance act. The children that were brought to South Boston suffered deep emotional stress but they laid some of the building stones in the development of eliminating the racial discrimination. The president Ronald Regan, however, had some policies which can be said to be not so much in conformity with the interests of all the races, especially the African American ones. In fact, it would not be an exaggeration if one said that the policies of Mr. Regan suggested that he had no care for the blacks of his country. For instance, let us take the example of his support of Bob Jone’s university. The university was denied the tax exemptions from the IRS. The IRS basically denied the tax exemptions to the colleges and universities which had the policy of segregation on the basis  of races.  

Tolnaftate Drug Profile:

Tolnaftate Drug Profile: Trade Names: Tinactin Synonym: Tolnaftato, Tolnaftatum Structure: Fig: Structure of Tolnaftate Chemical Name: 0-2- naphthyl methyl (3- methyl phenyl thiocarbamate) Description: Tolnaftate is a synthetic thiocarbamate used as an anti- fungal agent that may be sold without medical prescription in most jurisdictions. It may come as a cream, powder, spray, or liquid aerosol, and is used to treat fungal conditions such as jock itch, athletes foot and ringworm. It is sold under several brand names in including Tinactin, odor Eaters, Absorbine, Aftate, Ting (85) . Molecular Weight: 307.41 g/mol Mechanism of Action: Tolnaftate is a topical fungicide. Though its exact mechanism unknown, it is believed to prevent Ergosterol biosynthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase (86) . It has also been reported to distort the hyphae and to stunt mycelia growth in susceptible organisms (87) . Melting Point: 110- 111.50C (230- 2330F) Pharmacological Action: Tolnaftate, a pharmacologically inert new fungicide for topical treatment of superficial mycoses, has been reported to be highly effective in skin infections caused by common pathogenic fungi as well as being non- irritating and non- sensitizing. It is a fungicidal invitro. During clinical investigation, studies showed no changes in the blood and urine of patients given tolnaftate topically, suggesting that the drug is not toxic to the kidney or the hematopoietic system. Distorts hyphae and inhibits mycelia growth in susceptible fungi. The anti- dermatophyte agent to tolnaftate was compared with the allylamine anti-fungal compounds naftifine and terbinafine. Tolnaftate was shown to inhibit sterol biosynthesis at the level squalene epoxidation and squalene was shown to accumulate in dermatophytes grown in its presence. Biochemical studies in whole and broken cells supported this conclusion and showed that the compound was active against squalene epoxidation in broken candida albicans cells, but was mwch less potent against whole cells. These results suggested there was a barrier to penetration in these yeasts (88) . Side Effects: Irritation Pruritus Contact dermatitis Onset: 24- 72 Hours Dosage: Topical/ cutaneous: Superficial dermatophyte infections, pityriasis versicolor. Adult: Apply a 1% gel / solution /powder /cream bid for 2-6 weeks; repeat if necessary. Continue treatment for 2 weeks after disappearance of all symptoms to prevent recurrence of infection. Storage: Topical/Cutaneous: Store at 15-300C TOLNAFTATE DRUG PROFILE: Trade Names: Tinactin Synonym: Tolnaftato, Tolnaftatum Structure: Fig: Structure of Tolnaftate Chemical Name: 0-2- naphthyl methyl (3- methyl phenyl thiocarbamate) Description: Tolnaftate is a synthetic thiocarbamate used as an anti- fungal agent that may be sold without medical prescription in most jurisdictions. It may come as a cream, powder, spray, or liquid aerosol, and is used to treat fungal conditions such as jock itch, athletes foot and ringworm. It is sold under several brand names in including Tinactin, odor Eaters, Absorbine, Aftate, Ting (85) . Molecular Weight: 307.41 g/mol Mechanism of Action: Tolnaftate is a topical fungicide. Though its exact mechanism unknown, it is believed to prevent Ergosterol biosynthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase (86) . It has also been reported to distort the hyphae and to stunt mycelia growth in susceptible organisms (87) . Melting Point: 110- 111.50C (230- 2330F) Pharmacological Action: Tolnaftate, a pharmacologically inert new fungicide for topical treatment of superficial mycoses, has been reported to be highly effective in skin infections caused by common pathogenic fungi as well as being non- irritating and non- sensitizing. It is a fungicidal invitro. During clinical investigation, studies showed no changes in the blood and urine of patients given tolnaftate topically, suggesting that the drug is not toxic to the kidney or the hematopoietic system. Distorts hyphae and inhibits mycelia growth in susceptible fungi. The anti- dermatophyte agent to tolnaftate was compared with the allylamine anti-fungal compounds naftifine and terbinafine. Tolnaftate was shown to inhibit sterol biosynthesis at the level squalene epoxidation and squalene was shown to accumulate in dermatophytes grown in its presence. Biochemical studies in whole and broken cells supported this conclusion and showed that the compound was active against squalene epoxidation in broken candida albicans cells, but was mwch less potent against whole cells. These results suggested there was a barrier to penetration in these yeasts (88) . Side Effects: 1.Irritation 2.Pruritus 3.Contact dermatitis Onset: 24- 72 Hours Dosage: Topical/ cutaneous: Superficial dermatophyte infections, pityriasis versicolor. Adult: Apply a 1% gel / solution /powder /cream bid for 2-6 weeks; repeat if necessary. Continue treatment for 2 weeks after disappearance of all symptoms to prevent recurrence of infection. Storage: Topical/Cutaneous: Store at 15-300C 3.2.1 LECITHIN Synonyms Pc; kelecin; LECITHIN; Alcolec-S; granulestin; L-Lecithin; LIPOID(R)E80; Lecithin, NF; Phospholutein; E322; egg lecithin; LSC 5050; LSC 6040; mixed soybean phoaphatides; ovolecithin; Phosal 53 MCT; Phospholipon 100 H; Prokote LSC; soybean lecithin; soybean phospholipids; Sternpur; vegetable lecithin (89) . Structure Where red – choline and phosphate group; black glycerol; green-unsaturated fatty acid; Blue saturated fatty acid. Chemical name 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine Molecular weight 789 g/mol Description Lecithin occurs light yellow to dark brown, transparent or translucent, viscous liquid substance, as white to brown powder or granules, or as a light yellow to dark brown lump, having a slight, characteristic odour and taste. Identification: (1) Place 1 g of lecithin into a kjeldahl flask, add 5 gm of powdered potassium sulphate and 0.5 gm of cupric sulfate, and 20 ml of sulfuric acid. Tilt the flask at about 45ËÅ ¡C angle, heat gently until the effervesense , and raise the temperature to boiling. After the contents become blue, transparent solution, heat for 1-2 hours, cool and add an equal volume of water. Take 5 ml of this solution, and add 10 ml of ammonium molybdate solution (1 → 5), and heat. A yellow precipitate is formed. (2) To 0.5 g of lecithin, add 5 ml of diluted hydrochloric acid(1→2), heat in a water bath for 2 hours and filter. Use this solution is considered as a test solution. Perform paper chromatography with 10 Â µl of the test solution, using choline chloride solution (1 →200) as the control solution and a mixture of n-butanol, water, and acetic acid (4:2:1) as the developing solvent. A red orange spot is obtained from the control solution is observed. In pap er chromatography for the filter paper, use a No. 2 filter paper. Stop the development when the developing solvent rises about 25 cm, air-dry, spray with Dragendorffs reagent to develop a colour, and observe in daylight (90) . Solubility Insoluble in cold water and also acetone. Soluble in about 12 parts of absolute alcohol. Soluble in chloroform, petroleum ether, mineral oil and fatty acids. Sparingly soluble in benzene. Insoluble in cold vegetable oils and animal oils (91) . Viscosity Viscosity of lecithin is directly influenced by heat. Lower temperature equals higher viscosity and vise versa. The influence of temperature on lecithin viscosity is curvilinear, meaning that at low temperatures, a small increase in heat causes a elatively larger decrease in viscosity. For example, a lecithin with a viscosity of 10,000 centipoise at 24 0C, might have a viscosity of 5000 centipoise at 350C. An increase in temperature to 460C might lower the viscosity to 3000 centipoise and further increase to 570C would reduce viscosity to 2250 centipoise. Mixing oil, such as soybean oil or fish oil, with the lecithin at a rate of 20 % oil and 80 % lecithin as a similar influence on viscosity as raising temperature by 110C. In other words, a standard fluid lecithin with 10,000 centipoise viscosity when mixed with 20 % soybean oil would have an approximate viscosity of 5000 centipoise (92) TYPICAL PROPERTIES Acidity/alkalinity pH = 5.5–8.0 for a 1 % w/w aqueous solution Ash 1.5–3.0 %, depending upon the grade and viscosity Auto ignition temperature 360Â ºC Density (bulk) 0.341 g/cm3 Density (tapped) 0.557 g/cm3 Density (true) 1.326 g/cm3 Specific gravity 1.26 Melting point Browns at 190–200 Â ºC. Chars at 225–230 Â ºC. Glass transition temperature is 170–180 Â ºC. Iodine number 95-100 for liquid lecithin. 82-88 for powdered lecithin. Saponification number 196 Functional Category Lecithin is a generic term to designate any group of yellow-brownish fatty substances occurring in animal and plant tissues, and in egg yolk. It is naturally composed of phosphoric acid, choline, fatty acids, glycerol, glycolipids, triglycerides, and phospholipids. It is often used as an emulsifying agent.Available in variety of forms including granules, soft gels and chewable tablets. Applications: Lecithins are used in a wide variety of pharmaceutical applications. They are also used in cosmetics and food products. Lecithins are mainly used in pharmaceutical products as dispersing, emulsifying, and stabilizing agents, and are included in intramuscular and intravenous injections, parenteral nutrition formulations, and topical products such as creams and ointments. Lecithins are also used in suppository bases to reduce the brittleness of suppositories, and have been investigated for their absorption-enhancing properties in an intranasal insulin formulation. Lecithins are also commonly used as a component of enteral and parenteral nutrition formulations. There is evidence that phosphatidylcholine (a major component of lecithin) is important as a nutritional supplement to fetal and infant development. Furthermore, choline is a required component of FDA-approved infant formulas. Other studies have indicated that lecithin can protect against alcohol cirrhosis of the liver, lower serum cholesterol levels, and improve mental and physical performance. Liposomes in which lecithin is included as a component of the bilayer have been used to encapsulate drug substances; their potential as novel delivery systems has been investigated.This application generally requires purified lecithins combined in specific proportions. Therapeutically, lecithin and derivatives have been used as a pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.mnb Stability and storage conditions: Lecithins decompose at extreme pH. They are also hygroscopic and subject to microbial degradation. When heated, lecithins oxidize, darken, and decompose. Temperatures of 160–1808C will cause degradation within 24 hours. Fluid or waxy lecithin grades should be stored at room temperature or above; temperatures below 108C may cause separation. All lecithin grades should be stored in well-closed containers protected from light and oxidation. Purified solid lecithins should be stored in tightly closed containers at subfreezing temperatures Incompatibilities Incompatible with esterases owing to hydrolysis. Safety Lecithin is a component of cell membranes and is therefore consumed as a normal part of the diet. Although excessive consumption may be harmful, it is highly biocompatible and oral doses of up to 80 g daily have been used therapeutically in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia.(8) When used in topical formulations,lecithin is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonsensitizing material.(2) The Cosmetic Ingredients Review Expert Panel (CIR) has reviewed lecithin and issued a tentative report revising the safe concentration of the material from 1.95% to 15.0% in rinse-off and leave-in products. They note, however, that there are insufficient data to rule on products that are likely to be inhaled Handling precautions Lecithins may be irritant to the eyes; eye protection and gloves are recommended. Regulatory status: GRAS listed (Generally Recognized as Safe). Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (inhalations; IM and IV injections; otic preparations; oral capsules, suspensions and tablets; rectal, topical, and vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. 3.2.2 SPAN80 Nonproprietary Names Sorbitan monooleate Synonyms Ablunol S-80; Arlacel 80; Armotan MO; Capmul O; Crill 4; Crill 50; Dehymuls SMO; Drewmulse SMO; Drewsorb 80K; E494; Glycomul O; Hodag SMO; Lamesorb SMO; Liposorb O; Montane 80; Nikkol SO-10; Nissan Nonion OP-80R; Norfox Sorbo S-80; Polycon S80 K; Proto-sorb SMO; Protachem SMO; S-Maz 80K; Sorbester P17; Sorbirol O; sorbitan oleate; Sorgen 40; Sorgon S-40- H; Span 80; Tego SMO. Structure Chemical name C24H44O6 (Z)-Sorbitan mono-9-octadecenoate Molecular weight : 429 g/mol Description Span80 occur as Yellow viscous liquid with a distinctive odour and taste. Solubility: Sorbitan esters are generally soluble or dispersible in oils; they are also soluble in most organic solvents. In water, although insoluble, they are generally dispersible. Viscosity Typical viscosity values for span80 1200-2000 mPa.s measured at 20Â ºC Typical properties HLB value : 4.3 Density : 1.01g/cm3 Saponification value : 149-160 Functional category: Emulsifying agent, non ionic surfactant, solubilizing agent, wetting, dispersing and suspending agent. Applications A non-ionic surfactant that can be used to form oil-in-water emulsions and in combination with low HLB surfactants can form water-in-oil emulsions. EPA approved oil spill dispersant. Sorbitan monoesters are a series of mixtures of partial esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides with fatty acids. Sorbitan diesters are a series of mixtures of partial esters of sorbitol and its monoanhydride with fatty acids. Sorbitan esters are widely used in cosmetics, food products, and pharmaceutical formulations as lipophilic nonionic surfactants. They are mainly used in pharmaceutical formulations as emulsifying agents in the preparation of creams, emulsions, and ointments for topical application. When used alone, sorbitan esters produce stable water-in-oil emulsions and microemulsions but are frequently used in combination with varying proportions of a polysorbate to produce water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions or creams of varying consistencies. Sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate and sorbitan trioleate have also been used at concentrations of 0.01–0.05% w/v in the preparation of an emulsion for intramuscular administration. Stability and storage conditions: Gradual soap formation occurs with strong acids or bases. Sorbitan esters are stable in weak acids or bases. Sorbitan esters should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place. Safety Sorbitan esters are widely used in cosmetics, food products, and oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations and are generally regarded as nontoxic and nonirritant materials. However, there have been occasional reports of hypersensitive skin reactions following the topical application of products containing sorbitan esters. When heated to decomposition, the sorbitan esters emit acrid smoke and irritating fumes. The WHO has set an estimated acceptable daily intake of sorbitan monopalmitate, monostearate and tristearate and of sorbitan monolaurate and monooleate at up to 25 mg/kg body-weight calculated as total sorbitan esters. Regulatory status Certain sorbitan esters are accepted as food additives in the UK. Sorbitan esters are included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (inhalations; IM injections; ophthalmic, oral, topical and vaginal preparations). Sorbitan esters are used in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Sorbitan esters are included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. 3.2.3 TWEEN 80: Non-proprietary names: Polysorbate 80 Synonyms: Atlas E; Armotan PMO 20; Capmul POE-O; Cremophor PS 80; Crillet 4; Crillet 50; Drewmulse POE-SMO; Drewpone 80K; Durfax 80; Durfax 80K; E433; Emrite 6120; Emulgin SMO; Glycospere O-20; Hodag PSMO-20; Liposorb O-20; Liposorb O-20K; Montanox 80; Polyoxyethylene 20 oleate; Protasorb o- 20; Ritabate 80;(Z)-sorbitan mono -9-octadecenoate poly(oxy1,2- ethanediyl) derivatives; Tego SMO 80; Tego SMO 80V; Tween 80. Structural formula Chemical name Polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate Empirical formula C64H124026 Molecular weight M.W: 1310 Functional category: It acts as an Emulsifying agent; nonionic surfactant; solubilizing agent; wetting agent and also dispersing/suspending agent Description: It is colorless to light yellowish viscous liquid. Typical Properties: HLB value: 15 Density: 1.08 g/ml at 20 ËÅ ¡c Saponification value: 45-55 P H 5% aq solution : 5.5-7.5 Specific gravity (20/20ËÅ ¡c) : 1.065-1.095 Moisture content: Moisture content not more than 3% Solubility: Soluble in water and also soluble in ethanol. Insoluble in mineral oils. Viscosity (dynamic): The viscosity of tween 80 is 300-500 centi stokes at 25ËÅ ¡c Applications of tween80 in pharmaceutical formulation or technology: Polyoxyethylene sorbiton fatty acid esters (polysorbates) are a series of partial fatty acid esters of sorbitol and its anhydrides copolymerized with approximately 20, 5 or 4 moles of ethylene oxide per each mole of sorbitol and also sorbitol anhydrides. The resulting product is therefore a mixture of molecules of varying sizes rather than in single uniform compound. Polysorbates containing 20 units of oxy ethylene are hydrophilic nonionic surfactants that are used widely as emulsifying agent in the preparation of stable oil-in-water pharmaceutical emulsions. They may also be used as solubilizing agent for a variety of substances including essential oils and also other oils like oils are soluble vitamins, and teen 80 as a wetting agent in the formulation of oral and parenteral suspensions. They also have been useful in improving the oral bioavailability of drug molecule that are substrates for P-glycoprotein. Polysorbates are also used in cosmetics and also food products. Stability and storage conditions: Polysorbates are stable to electrolytes and week acids and bases; gradual saponification occurs with strong acids and strong bases. This type of oleic acid esters are sensitive to oxidation. Polysorbates are hygroscopic and should be examined necessary for water content before to use and dried if necessary. Prolonged storage of tween 80 along with other polyoxyethylene surfactants can leads to the formation of peroxides. Polysorbates should be stored in a well closed containers, protected from the light, in a cool and dry place. Incompatabilities: Discoloration and /or precipitation occur with various substances especially phenols, tannins, tars, tar like materials.The anti microbial activity of paraben preservatives is reduced in the presense of polysorbates. Regulatory status: Polysorbate60, 65and 80 are GRAS listed. Polysorbates 20, 40, 60, 65and 80 are accepted as food additives in Europe. Polysorbates 20, 40, 60, 65and 80 are included in the FDA inactive ingredients guide (IM,IV,oral,rectal,topical and vaginal preparations). Polysorbates are included in parenteral and non parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Polysorbate such as 20, 21, 40, 60, 61, 65, 80, 81, 85 and 120 are included in the Canadian list of acceptable non medicinal ingredient.

Tulsa Race Riots Essay -- essays research papers

Tulsa Race Riot The Tulsa race riot changed the course of American history by actively expressing African American views on white supremacy. Before the events of the Tulsa race riot African Americans saw the white community taking justice into their own hands. Black citizens of Tulsa stood up against this sort of white mob. This escaladed into the Tulsa race riot. The Tulsa race riot and its effects weighed heavily upon the African Americans of this era. The first event was with the Industrial Workers of World (IWW), where they were blamed by Tulsan’s in bombing the house of a wealthy oilman. It began on â€Å"October 29, 1917†, when the home of a wealthy oilman was bombed in Tulsa. There were little clues to be found but as Scott Ellsworth reports in his book Death in a Promised Land, â€Å"The newspapers were pointing the blame to the IWW†(25). The secretary of the IWW was going to be the spokes person for the twelve members of the IWW in court, with the accusation of bombing the house of a wealthy oilman. Ellsworth reports: â€Å"The trial was brought to a speedy conclusion. Not only did Judge Evans find the twelve guilty, fine them $100 each, and committed them to jail, but five people in the courtroom who had served as witnesses for the defense arrested. [†¦] The police were then instructed to transfer the seventeen prisoners that night to the county jail†(30). The police officers escorted the seventeen men into cars and took them to the county jail, but on the way they were halted by a group of armed men, which called themselves â€Å"Knights of Liberty†. Knights of Liberty took the seventeen men out of the car and tied them to the tree. As Ellsworth reports, â€Å"They were wiped on their back and then hot tar and feathers were then applied to the bloodied backs of the seventeen men† (30). The second event, which showed that white Tulsan’s were hostile before the Tulsa Race Riot, was when Roy Belton killed Homer Nida a taxi car drive. On August 21, 1920, Nida was driving two white men and one white woman to a dance in Red Fork. While driving Nida notice something unusual about his passenger. Just before Red Fork, as Scott Ellsworth writes that Nida was clubbed on the head by on of the men with a revolver (30). They got outside of Red Fork were Nida was then shot in the stomach by one of the men in the car. Roy Belton a white former telephone company worker took a rid... ...sa† (60). The commission of Tulsa has been working since 1997 to create a better picture of the violence that led to the destruction the city’s black business district. The magazine the Jet report, â€Å"that the commissioners recommended restitution ranging from a memorial and scholarships to direct payments to survivors and their descendants† (9). There is also been a controversy about the number of deaths during the Tulsa race riot. In 1999 historians came to Tulsa trying to find the correct number of deaths. In a Goble-News article historians believe close to 300 people died during the violence of the Tulsa race riot (n.pag.). In all black citizen of Tulsa became very close do to this tragedy that accrued on June 1, 1921. The Tulsa race riot changed the course of American history by actively expressing African American views on white supremacy. Certainly I feel with the available facts in this research paper, that the whites were the aggressors for the events leading up to the Tulsa race riot and the start of the Tulsa race riot. African Americans were simply there to stand up against the white supremacy and to provide the African Americans Tulsa their freedom and equal justice. Tulsa Race Riots Essay -- essays research papers Tulsa Race Riot The Tulsa race riot changed the course of American history by actively expressing African American views on white supremacy. Before the events of the Tulsa race riot African Americans saw the white community taking justice into their own hands. Black citizens of Tulsa stood up against this sort of white mob. This escaladed into the Tulsa race riot. The Tulsa race riot and its effects weighed heavily upon the African Americans of this era. The first event was with the Industrial Workers of World (IWW), where they were blamed by Tulsan’s in bombing the house of a wealthy oilman. It began on â€Å"October 29, 1917†, when the home of a wealthy oilman was bombed in Tulsa. There were little clues to be found but as Scott Ellsworth reports in his book Death in a Promised Land, â€Å"The newspapers were pointing the blame to the IWW†(25). The secretary of the IWW was going to be the spokes person for the twelve members of the IWW in court, with the accusation of bombing the house of a wealthy oilman. Ellsworth reports: â€Å"The trial was brought to a speedy conclusion. Not only did Judge Evans find the twelve guilty, fine them $100 each, and committed them to jail, but five people in the courtroom who had served as witnesses for the defense arrested. [†¦] The police were then instructed to transfer the seventeen prisoners that night to the county jail†(30). The police officers escorted the seventeen men into cars and took them to the county jail, but on the way they were halted by a group of armed men, which called themselves â€Å"Knights of Liberty†. Knights of Liberty took the seventeen men out of the car and tied them to the tree. As Ellsworth reports, â€Å"They were wiped on their back and then hot tar and feathers were then applied to the bloodied backs of the seventeen men† (30). The second event, which showed that white Tulsan’s were hostile before the Tulsa Race Riot, was when Roy Belton killed Homer Nida a taxi car drive. On August 21, 1920, Nida was driving two white men and one white woman to a dance in Red Fork. While driving Nida notice something unusual about his passenger. Just before Red Fork, as Scott Ellsworth writes that Nida was clubbed on the head by on of the men with a revolver (30). They got outside of Red Fork were Nida was then shot in the stomach by one of the men in the car. Roy Belton a white former telephone company worker took a rid... ...sa† (60). The commission of Tulsa has been working since 1997 to create a better picture of the violence that led to the destruction the city’s black business district. The magazine the Jet report, â€Å"that the commissioners recommended restitution ranging from a memorial and scholarships to direct payments to survivors and their descendants† (9). There is also been a controversy about the number of deaths during the Tulsa race riot. In 1999 historians came to Tulsa trying to find the correct number of deaths. In a Goble-News article historians believe close to 300 people died during the violence of the Tulsa race riot (n.pag.). In all black citizen of Tulsa became very close do to this tragedy that accrued on June 1, 1921. The Tulsa race riot changed the course of American history by actively expressing African American views on white supremacy. Certainly I feel with the available facts in this research paper, that the whites were the aggressors for the events leading up to the Tulsa race riot and the start of the Tulsa race riot. African Americans were simply there to stand up against the white supremacy and to provide the African Americans Tulsa their freedom and equal justice.

Analysis on “How State Budgets Are Breaking Us Schools”

Semester 2 2011/2012 SBLE 2083 Public Speaking (Group E) Prominent Speech Analysis on â€Å"How state budgets are breaking US schools† Lecturer: Nurul Nazifah binti Mat Noh Group Members: Koo Chi Haw205634 Thong Hsien Jin205770 Mohammad Azlan bin Annual206955 Muhammad Noorhafizi bin Noor Azay 207278 Title: How State budgets are breaking US schools In the beginning of the speech, the speaker did gained the attention and interest of the audience by relating the topic to the audience and stating the importance of the topic and relating the topic to the audience.He mentioned that â€Å"And these budgets  are the key for our future;  they're the key for our kids†. This example shows that he was trying to relate the audience about their future and their children. He also mentioned that â€Å"the great universities or community colleges —  most of the money for those things  is coming out of these state budgets†. This means that state budgets are crucial for education spending in the United States. The speaker did not introduce the topic clearly in the beginning of the speech. He begun his speech only by saying â€Å"Well, this is about state budgets. and â€Å"And these budgets  are the key for our future;  they're the key for our kids†. These might only gave hints or questions to audience about the topic that was going to present by the speaker. The speaker did establish credibility by showing the numbers about the state budgets. He mentioned â€Å"State budgets  are big, big money —  I'll show you the numbers†. This means that he has the information that is relevant and is qualified to speak on this topic. The speaker did not really preview the body of the speech.It would not be clear either. He said that the state budgets are important for their future and their kids which only gave hints about how state budgets problems are going to relate to education spending. The speaker should have preview the body of the speech by saying the main points to the audience in the beginning of the speech. The speech indeed related to audience. The speaker already pointed out that the topic is very important for the people to take considerations in the beginning, even though it is boring.The speaker was consistently informing the audience that if the state budget is not enough to cover all the expenses due to deficit of 10%, the young will more likely to be the victims as the majority of spending from the education will be swift to health-care medical for the old ones. It would affect many people of the U. S. in the future. The speaker also used the word â€Å"you† frequently. This indicates that he is trying to relate the audience during the speech. After reviewing the video, the main points are the implications of the imbalanced state budget to the education expenses in current and future.The speaker aided his main points by using an effective visual aids and further explain the main point by detailed elaborations and examples. Such methods are effectives to the audience to understand the topic clearly and relevant. First, the speaker introduced the state budgets and the deficits that occurred. Then, He moved on to the implication on the education spending which is the system will have a big squeeze if the expenses are mostly swift to health-care program by minimizing the expenses for the education in the deficit state budget.If such trend happened, the future education level will be weakened such as no bold experiment, no teacher effectiveness measurement and no incentives for the excellence teachers. The speaker used many type of methods in supporting main points. Firstly, the speaker gave extended example about the cause of the state budgets deficit. He mentioned that â€Å"When Jerry Brown was elected,  this was the challenge that was put to him. That is, through various gimmicks and things,  a so-called balanced budget  had led him to have 25 billion missing  out of the 76 billion in proposed spending.Now he's put together some thoughts:  About half of that he'll cut,  another half,  perhaps in a very complex set of steps,  taxes will be approved. But even so,  as you go out into those future years,  various pension costs, health costs go up enough,  and the revenue does not go up enough. So you get a big squeeze. † Secondly, the speaker also used hypothetical example such as â€Å"But we're spending 36 percent. Well what are we taking in? Simple business question. Answer is 26 percent. Now this leaves 10 percent deficit,  sort of a mind-blowing number. † The speaker also used statistic method to support the main points.For the example, â€Å"But we have a problem. Here's the overall picture. U. S. economy is big —  14. 7 trillion. Now out of that pie,  the government spends 36 percent. † The speaker used a causal order where he first identified the state budgets deficit and what cause these deficits. Finally, he pointed out on how this affects the education spending by the government. The language used by the speaker is overall clear and concise. The speaker did used some familiar words that are easily understand by the audience. The speaker also used many abstract words which refer to ideas or concepts in his speech.For examples, â€Å"medical innovation†, â€Å"gimmicks† and â€Å"big squeeze†. However, the speaker used terms like â€Å"Medicaid† and â€Å"Enron† in his speech that would be not familiar with the audiences who are not living in United States. In the middle of the speech, the speaker also used a repetition as the rhythm of the speech. For example, â€Å"Now how did we get here? How could you have a problem like this? †. The speaker only used signpost as the connective in the speech. The connectives are used as he had begun next main points with questions. For examples, â€Å"Now how did we get her e?How could you have a problem like this? †, â€Å"Well what's going to give? † and â€Å"So what do we need to do? †. This shows that the speaker invited himself to answer and get the audience more involving with the speech. However, the signposts used are not really effective because they did not show the next or previous main points in the speech. In the end of the speech, the speaker signaled the end of the speech by saying, â€Å"And so the bottom line is†, to let the audience know that the speech was going to stop soon. The speaker also used a crescendo ending for his speech.He made a conclusion in which his speech was built to a zenith of power and intensity that influence the audience to care about the state budgets. The speaker said that the state budgets are critical for their kids and their future. â€Å"Now I think this is a solvable problem. It's a great country with lots of people. But we have to draw those people in,  because this is abou t education. † The speaker did reinforce the central idea of the speech by making a dramatic statement. He said, â€Å"And just look at what happened with the tuitions  with the University of California  and project that out for another three, four, five years —  it's unaffordable. †